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Ultrastructure and Composition of the Nannochloropsis gaditana Cell Wall

Matthew J. Scholz, Taylor L. Weiss, Robert E. Jinkerson, Jia Jing, Robyn Roth, Ursula Goodenough, Matthew C. Posewitz, Henri G. Gerken
Matthew J. Scholz
aDepartment of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
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Taylor L. Weiss
bDepartment of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Robert E. Jinkerson
aDepartment of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
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Jia Jing
cCAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and BioEnergy Genome Center, Qindao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Robyn Roth
dDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Ursula Goodenough
bDepartment of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Matthew C. Posewitz
aDepartment of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
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Henri G. Gerken
eArizona Center for Algal Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona, USA
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DOI: 10.1128/EC.00183-14
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ABSTRACT

Marine algae of the genus Nannochloropsis are promising producers of biofuel precursors and nutraceuticals and are also harvested commercially for aquaculture feed. We have used quick-freeze, deep-etch electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and carbohydrate analyses to characterize the architecture of the Nannochloropsis gaditana (strain CCMP 526) cell wall, whose recalcitrance presents a significant barrier to biocommodity extraction. The data indicate a bilayer structure consisting of a cellulosic inner wall (∼75% of the mass balance) protected by an outer hydrophobic algaenan layer. Cellulase treatment of walls purified after cell lysis generates highly enriched algaenan preparations without using the harsh chemical treatments typically used in algaenan isolation and characterization. Nannochloropsis algaenan was determined to comprise long, straight-chain, saturated aliphatics with ether cross-links, which closely resembles the cutan of vascular plants. Chemical identification of >85% of the isolated cell wall mass is detailed, and genome analysis is used to identify candidate biosynthetic enzymes.

FOOTNOTES

    • Received 30 July 2014.
    • Accepted 14 September 2014.
    • Accepted manuscript posted online 19 September 2014.
  • Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/EC.00183-14.

  • Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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Ultrastructure and Composition of the Nannochloropsis gaditana Cell Wall
Matthew J. Scholz, Taylor L. Weiss, Robert E. Jinkerson, Jia Jing, Robyn Roth, Ursula Goodenough, Matthew C. Posewitz, Henri G. Gerken
Eukaryotic Cell Oct 2014, 13 (11) 1450-1464; DOI: 10.1128/EC.00183-14

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Ultrastructure and Composition of the Nannochloropsis gaditana Cell Wall
Matthew J. Scholz, Taylor L. Weiss, Robert E. Jinkerson, Jia Jing, Robyn Roth, Ursula Goodenough, Matthew C. Posewitz, Henri G. Gerken
Eukaryotic Cell Oct 2014, 13 (11) 1450-1464; DOI: 10.1128/EC.00183-14
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