Eukaryotic Cell
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EC Accepts, published online ahead of print on 30 November 2007
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EC.00373-07v1
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Eukaryotic Cell doi:10.1128/EC.00373-07
Copyright (c) 2007, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.

THE PATHWAY OF CYTOSOLIC STARCH SYNTHESIS IN THE MODEL GLAUCOPHYTE CYANOPHORA PARADOXA

Charlotte Plancke, Christophe Colleoni, Philippe Deschamps, David Dauvillée, Yasunori Nakamura, Sophie Haebel, Gehrardt Ritte, Martin Steup, Alain Buléon, Jean-Luc Putaux, Danielle Dupeyre, Christophe d'Hulst, Jean-Philippe Ral, Wolfgang Loffelhardt, and Steven G. Ball*

Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR8576 CNRS/USTL, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, Cedex France; Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan; Center of Mass Spectrometry of Biopolymers, and Plant Physiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches Agroalimentaires, Rue de la Géraudière, BP71627, 44316 Nantes cedex 03, France; Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France - affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, and Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Bohrgasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: steven.ball{at}univ-lille1.fr.


  Abstract

The nature of the cytoplasmic pathway of starch biosynthesis was investigated in the model glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa. The storage polysaccharide granules are shown to be composed of both amylose and amylopectin fractions with a chain length distribution and crystalline organization similar to those of green algae and land plant starch. Preliminary characterization of the starch pathway demonstrates that Cyanophora paradoxa contains several UDP-glucose utilising soluble starch synthase activities related to those of the rhodophyceae. In addition Cyanophora paradoxa synthesizes amylose with a granule-bound starch synthase displaying a preference for UDP-glucose. A debranching enzyme of isoamylase specificity and multiple starch phosphorylases are also evidenced in the model glaucophyte. The picture emerging from our biochemical and molecular characterizations consists of the presence of an UDP-glucose-based pathway similar to that recently proposed for the red algae, the cryptophytes and the alveolates. The correlative presence of isoamylase and starch among photosynthetic eukaryotes is discussed.


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