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Eukaryotic Cell, May 2007, p. 817-830, Vol. 6, No. 5
1535-9778/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.00012-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Diversity of Ca2+-Induced Morphology Revealed by Morphological Phenotyping of Ca2+-Sensitive Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Shinsuke Ohnuki,1 Satoru Nogami,1,2 Hanako Kanai,1 Dai Hirata,3 Yoichiro Nakatani,2,4 Shinichi Morishita,2,4 and Yoshikazu Ohya1,2*

Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Building FSB-101, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan,1 Institute for Bioinformatics Research and Development, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Science Plaza, 5-3 Yonbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8666, Japan,2 Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 503W, Kagamiyama 1 chome, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan,3 Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Research Centers 371, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan4

Received 10 January 2007/ Accepted 28 February 2007

Yeast cell morphology can be treated as a quantitative trait using the image processing software CalMorph. In the present study, we investigated Ca2+-induced morphological changes in Ca2+-sensitive (cls) mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, based on the discovery that the characteristic Ca2+-induced morphological changes in the Ca2+-sensitive mutant zds1 reflect changes in the Ca2+ signaling-mediated cell cycle control pathway. By applying hierarchical cluster analysis to the quantitative morphological data of 58 cls mutants, 31 of these mutants were classified into seven classes based on morphological similarities. The patterns of morphological change induced by Ca2+ in one class differed from those of another class. Based on the results obtained using versatile methods for phenotypic analysis, we conclude that a high concentration of Ca2+ exerts a wide variety of effects on yeast and that there are multiple Ca2+-regulatory pathways that are distinct from the Zds1p-related pathway.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bldg. FSB-101, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan. Phone: 81 4 7136 3650. Fax: 81 4 7136 3651. E-mail: ohya{at}k.u-tokyo.ac.jp

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 9 March 2007.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://ec.asm.org/.

Eukaryotic Cell, May 2007, p. 817-830, Vol. 6, No. 5
1535-9778/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.00012-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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