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Eukaryotic Cell, August 2006, p. 1360-1370, Vol. 5, No. 8
1535-9778/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.00087-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Extensive Changes in Metabolic Regulation in Kluyveromyces lactis Strains{dagger}

Audrey Suleau,1 Pierre Gourdon,2 Joëlle Reitz-Ausseur,2 and Serge Casaregola1*

Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaire, INRA/CNRS, INA-PG, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France,1 SOREDAB, La Tremblaye, 78125 La Boissière-Ecole, France2

Received 24 March 2006/ Accepted 17 May 2006

Genome-wide analysis of transcriptional regulation is generally carried out on well-characterized reference laboratory strains; hence, the characteristics of industrial isolates are therefore overlooked. In a previous study on the major cheese yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, we have shown that the reference strain and an industrial strain used in cheese making display a differential gene expression when grown on a single carbon source. Here, we have used more controlled conditions, i.e., growth in a fermentor with pH and oxygen maintained constant, to study how these two isolates grown in glucose reacted to an addition of lactose. The observed differences between sugar consumption and the production of various metabolites, ethanol, acetate, and glycerol, correlated with the response were monitored by the analysis of the expression of 482 genes. Extensive differences in gene expression between the strains were revealed in sugar transport, glucose repression, ethanol metabolism, and amino acid import. These differences were partly due to repression by glucose and another, yet-unknown regulation mechanism. Our results bring to light a new type of K. lactis strain with respect to hexose transport gene content and repression by glucose. We found that a combination of point mutations and variation in gene regulation generates a biodiversity within the K. lactis species that was not anticipated. In contrast to S. cerevisiae, in which there is a massive increase in the number of sugar transporter and fermentation genes, in K. lactis, interstrain diversity in adaptation to a changing environment is based on small changes at the level of key genes and cell growth control.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaire, INRA UMR1238, CNRS/INA-PG UMR 2585, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France. Phone: 33 1 30 81 52 94. Fax: 33 1 30 81 54 57. E-mail: Serge.Casaregola{at}grignon.inra.fr.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://ec.asm.org/.

Eukaryotic Cell, August 2006, p. 1360-1370, Vol. 5, No. 8
1535-9778/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.00087-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Cholet, O., Henaut, A., Casaregola, S., Bonnarme, P. (2007). Gene Expression and Biochemical Analysis of Cheese-Ripening Yeasts: Focus on Catabolism of L-Methionine, Lactate, and Lactose. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 2561-2570 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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