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Eukaryotic Cell, May 2009, p. 732-737, Vol. 8, No. 5
1535-9778/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.00016-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Interaction of Candida albicans with an Intestinal Pathogen, Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium{triangledown}

Emmanouil Tampakakis,1,¶ Anton Y. Peleg,1,2,3,¶ and Eleftherios Mylonakis1,3*

Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,2 Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 022143

Received 11 January 2009/ Accepted 18 March 2009

Candida albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that normally resides in the gastrointestinal tract and on the skin as a commensal but can cause life-threatening invasive disease. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes a significant amount of gastrointestinal infection in humans. Both of these organisms are also pathogenic to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, causing a persistent gut infection leading to worm death. In the present study, we used a previously developed C. elegans polymicrobial infection model to assess the interactions between S. Typhimurium and C. albicans. We observed that when C. elegans is infected with C. albicans and serovar Typhimurium, C. albicans filamentation is inhibited. The inhibition of C. albicans filamentation by S. Typhimurium in C. elegans appeared to be mediated by a secretary molecule, since filter-sterilized bacterial supernatant was able to inhibit C. albicans filamentation. In vitro coculture assays under planktonic conditions showed that S. Typhimurium reduces the viability of C. albicans, with greater effects seen at 37°C than at 30°C. Interestingly, S. Typhimurium reduces the viability of both yeast and filamentous forms of C. albicans, but the killing appeared more rapid for the filamentous cells. The antagonistic interaction was also observed in a C. albicans biofilm environment. This study describes the interaction between two diverse human pathogens that reside within the gastrointestinal tract and shows that the prokaryote, S. Typhimurium, reduces the viability of the eukaryote, C. albicans. Identifying the molecular mechanisms of this interaction may provide important insights into microbial pathogenesis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Massachusetts General Hospital, Gray-Jackson 504, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114. Phone: (617) 726-3812. E-mail: emylonakis{at}partners.org

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 27 March 2009.

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Eukaryotic Cell, May 2009, p. 732-737, Vol. 8, No. 5
1535-9778/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.00016-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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