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Eukaryotic Cell, December 2007, p. 2429-2436, Vol. 6, No. 12
1535-9778/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.00252-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Morphogenesis Control in Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis through Signaling Molecules Produced by Planktonic and Biofilm Cells{triangledown}

Margarida Martins,1 Mariana Henriques,1 Joana Azeredo,1 Sílvia M. Rocha,2 Manuel A. Coimbra,2 and Rosário Oliveira1*

Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal,1 Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal2

Received 13 July 2007/ Accepted 17 October 2007

Morphogenesis control by chemical signaling molecules is beginning to be highlighted in Candida biology. The present study focuses on morphogenic compounds produced in situ by Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis during planktonic and biofilm growth that may at least partially substantiate the effect promoted by supernatants in morphogenesis. For both species, planktonic versus biofilm supernatants were analyzed by headspace-solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both planktonic cells and biofilm supernatants of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis contained isoamyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, 1-dodecanol, E-nerolidol, and E,E-farnesol. Alcohol secretion profiles were species, culture mode, and growth time specific. The addition of exogenous alcohols to the cultures of both species inhibited the morphological transition from the yeast to the filamentous form by up to 50%. The physiological role of these alcohols was put to evidence by comparing the effects of a 96-h cultured supernatant with synthetic mixtures containing isoamyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, E-nerolidol, and E,E-farnesol at concentrations determined herein. All synthetic mixtures elicited a morphological effect similar to that observed for the corresponding supernatants when used to treat C. albicans and C. dubliniensis cultures, except for the effect of the 96-h C. dubliniensis planktonic supernatant culture on C. albicans. Overall, these results reveal a group of alcohol extracellular signaling molecules that are biologically active with C. albicans and C. dubliniensis morphogenesis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. Phone: 351 253604400. Fax: 351 253678986. E-mail: roliveira{at}deb.uminho.pt

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 2 November 2007.

Eukaryotic Cell, December 2007, p. 2429-2436, Vol. 6, No. 12
1535-9778/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.00252-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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