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Eukaryotic Cell, March 2006, p. 587-600, Vol. 5, No. 3
1535-9778/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.5.3.587-600.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Mutational Analysis of the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchor Pathway Demonstrates that GPI-Anchored Proteins Are Required for Cell Wall Biogenesis and Normal Hyphal Growth in Neurospora crassa

Shaun M. Bowman,1 Amy Piwowar,1 Mash'el Al Dabbous,1 John Vierula,2 and Stephen J. Free1*

Department of Biological Sciences, The University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260,1 Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B62

Received 13 September 2005/ Accepted 3 January 2006

Using mutational and proteomic approaches, we have demonstrated the importance of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor pathway for cell wall synthesis and integrity and for the overall morphology of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. Mutants affected in the gpig-1, gpip-1, gpip-2, gpip-3, and gpit-1 genes, which encode components of the N. crassa GPI anchor biosynthetic pathway, have been characterized. GPI anchor mutants exhibit colonial morphologies, significantly reduced rates of growth, altered hyphal growth patterns, considerable cellular lysis, and an abnormal "cell-within-a-cell" phenotype. The mutants are deficient in the production of GPI-anchored proteins, verifying the requirement of each altered gene for the process of GPI-anchoring. The mutant cell walls are abnormally weak, contain reduced amounts of protein, and have an altered carbohydrate composition. The mutant cell walls lack a number of GPI-anchored proteins, putatively involved in cell wall biogenesis and remodeling. From these studies, we conclude that the GPI anchor pathway is critical for proper cell wall structure and function in N. crassa.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biological Sciences, Cooke Hall, Room 109, The University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260. Phone: (716) 645-2363, ext. 149. Fax: (716) 645-2975. E-mail: free{at}buffalo.edu.

Eukaryotic Cell, March 2006, p. 587-600, Vol. 5, No. 3
1535-9778/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.5.3.587-600.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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