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Eukaryotic Cell, June 2005, p. 1102-1115, Vol. 4, No. 6
1535-9778/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.4.6.1102-1115.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Contribution of Horizontal Gene Transfer to the Evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae{dagger}

Charles Hall,1 Sophie Brachat,2 and Fred S. Dietrich1*

Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,1 Biozentrum der Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland2

Received 17 November 2004/ Accepted 17 March 2005

The genomes of the hemiascomycetes Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Ashbya gossypii have been completely sequenced, allowing a comparative analysis of these two genomes, which reveals that a small number of genes appear to have entered these genomes as a result of horizontal gene transfer from bacterial sources. One potential case of horizontal gene transfer in A. gossypii and 10 potential cases in S. cerevisiae were identified, of which two were investigated further. One gene, encoding the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOD), is potentially a case of horizontal gene transfer, as shown by sequencing of this gene from additional bacterial and fungal species to generate sufficient data to construct a well-supported phylogeny. The DHOD-encoding gene found in S. cerevisiae, URA1 (YKL216W), appears to have entered the Saccharomycetaceae after the divergence of the S. cerevisiae lineage from the Candida albicans lineage and possibly since the divergence from the A. gossypii lineage. This gene appears to have come from the Lactobacillales, and following its acquisition the endogenous eukaryotic DHOD gene was lost. It was also shown that the bacterially derived horizontally transferred DHOD is required for anaerobic synthesis of uracil in S. cerevisiae. The other gene discussed in detail is BDS1, an aryl- and alkyl-sulfatase gene of bacterial origin that we have shown allows utilization of sulfate from several organic sources. Among the eukaryotes, this gene is found in S. cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus and appears to derive from the alpha-proteobacteria.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 289 CARL Building, Box 3568, DUMC, Durham, NC 27710. Phone: (919) 684-2857. Fax: (919) 681-9193. E-mail: dietr003{at}mc.duke.edu.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://ec.asm.org/.

Eukaryotic Cell, June 2005, p. 1102-1115, Vol. 4, No. 6
1535-9778/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.4.6.1102-1115.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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