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Eukaryotic Cell, April 2005, p. 799-813, Vol. 4, No. 4
1535-9778/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.4.4.799-813.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Systematic Deletion Analysis of Fission Yeast Protein Kinases{dagger}

Andrea Bimbó,1,{ddagger} Yonghui Jia,2,{ddagger} Siew Lay Poh,2,§ R. Krishna Murthy Karuturi,2 Nicole den Elzen,3 Xu Peng,2 Liling Zheng,1 Matthew O'Connell,3,¶ Edison T. Liu,2 Mohan K. Balasubramanian,1,4* and Jianhua Liu2,5*

Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, NUS, Singapore 117604, Singapore,1 Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore,2 Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, Melbourne, Vic 3002, Australia,3 Department of Biological Sciences,4 Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore5

Received 3 December 2004/ Accepted 14 February 2005

Eukaryotic protein kinases are key molecules mediating signal transduction that play a pivotal role in the regulation of various biological processes, including cell cycle progression, cellular morphogenesis, development, and cellular response to environmental changes. A total of 106 eukaryotic protein kinase catalytic-domain-containing proteins have been found in the entire fission yeast genome, 44% (or 64%) of which possess orthologues (or nearest homologues) in humans, based on sequence similarity within catalytic domains. Systematic deletion analysis of all putative protein kinase-encoding genes have revealed that 17 out of 106 were essential for viability, including three previously uncharacterized putative protein kinases. Although the remaining 89 protein kinase mutants were able to form colonies under optimal growth conditions, 46% of the mutants exhibited hypersensitivity to at least 1 of the 17 different stress factors tested. Phenotypic assessment of these mutants allowed us to arrange kinases into functional groups. Based on the results of this assay, we propose also the existence of four major signaling pathways that are involved in the response to 17 stresses tested. Microarray analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between the expression signature and growth phenotype of kinase mutants tested. Our complete microarray data sets are available at http://giscompute.gis.a-star.edu.sg/~gisljh/kinome.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address for Mohan K. Balasubramanian: Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, The National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604. Phone: (65) 6872 7478. Fax: (65) 6872 7012. E-mail: mohan{at}tll.org.sg. Mailing address for Jianhua Liu: Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, no. 02-01, Singapore 138672. Phone: (65) 6478 8123. Fax: (65) 6478 9003. E-mail: liujh{at}gis.a-star.edu.sg.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address for Mohan K. Balasubramanian: Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, The National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604. Phone: (65) 6872 7478. Fax: (65) 6872 7012. E-mail: mohan{at}tll.org.sg. Mailing address for Jianhua Liu: Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, no. 02-01, Singapore 138672. Phone: (65) 6478 8123. Fax: (65) 6478 9003. E-mail: liujh{at}gis.a-star.edu.sg.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://ec.asm.org/.

{ddagger} A.B. and Y.J. contributed equally to this work.

§ Present address: Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire et Structural, CNRS, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Present address: Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1130, New York, NY 10029.

Eukaryotic Cell, April 2005, p. 799-813, Vol. 4, No. 4
1535-9778/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.4.4.799-813.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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