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Eukaryotic Cell, October 2005, p. 1697-1711, Vol. 4, No. 10
1535-9778/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.4.10.1697-1711.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Microtubules in Candida albicans Hyphae Drive Nuclear Dynamics and Connect Cell Cycle Progression to Morphogenesis

Kenneth R. Finley1 and Judith Berman1,2*

Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development,1 Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota2

Received 11 July 2005/ Accepted 17 July 2005

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen whose virulence is related to its ability to switch between yeast, pseudohyphal, and true-hyphal morphologies. To ask how long-distance nuclear migration occurs in C. albicans hyphae, we identified the fundamental properties of nuclear movements and microtubule dynamics using time-lapse microscopy. In hyphae, nuclei migrate to, and divide across, the presumptive site of septation, which forms 10 to 15 µm distal to the basal cell. The mother nucleus returns to the basal cell, while the daughter nucleus reiterates the process. We used time-lapse microscopy to identify the mechanisms by which C. albicans nuclei move over long distances and are coordinated with hyphal morphology. We followed nuclear migration and spindle dynamics, as well as the time and position of septum specification, defined it as the presumptum, and established a chronology of nuclear, spindle, and morphological events. Analysis of microtubule dynamics revealed that premitotic forward nuclear migration is due to the repetitive sliding of astral microtubules along the cell cortex but that postmitotic forward and reverse nuclear migrations are due primarily to spindle elongation. Free microtubules exhibit cell cycle regulation; they are present during interphase and disappear at the time of spindle assembly. Finally, a growth defect in strains expressing Tub2-green fluorescent protein revealed a connection between hyphal elongation and the nuclear cell cycle that is coordinated by hyphal length and/or volume.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455. Phone: (612) 625-1971. Fax: (612) 625-5754. E-mail: judith{at}cbs.umn.edu.

Eukaryotic Cell, October 2005, p. 1697-1711, Vol. 4, No. 10
1535-9778/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.4.10.1697-1711.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Joglekar, A. P., Bouck, D., Finley, K., Liu, X., Wan, Y., Berman, J., He, X., Salmon, E.D., Bloom, K. S. (2008). Molecular architecture of the kinetochore-microtubule attachment site is conserved between point and regional centromeres. JCB 181: 587-594 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sherwood, R. K., Bennett, R. J. (2008). Microtubule Motor Protein Kar3 Is Required for Normal Mitotic Division and Morphogenesis in Candida albicans. Eukaryot Cell 7: 1460-1474 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Finley, K. R., Bouchonville, K. J., Quick, A., Berman, J. (2008). Dynein-dependent nuclear dynamics affect morphogenesis in Candida albicans by means of the Bub2p spindle checkpoint. J. Cell Sci. 121: 466-476 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • De Souza, C. P. C., Osmani, S. A. (2007). Mitosis, Not Just Open or Closed. Eukaryot Cell 6: 1521-1527 [Full Text]  
  • Court, H., Sudbery, P. (2007). Regulation of Cdc42 GTPase Activity in the Formation of Hyphae in Candida albicans. Mol. Biol. Cell 18: 265-281 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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