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Eukaryotic Cell, October 2004, p. 1307-1319, Vol. 3, No. 5
1535-9778/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/EC.3.5.1307-1319.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Regulation of Flagellar Assembly by Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Nedra F. Wilson* and Paul A. Lefebvre

Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota

Received 24 February 2004/ Accepted 18 June 2004

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii controls flagellar assembly such that flagella are of an equal and predetermined length. Previous studies demonstrated that lithium, an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), induced flagellar elongation, suggesting that a lithium-sensitive signal transduction pathway regulated flagellar length (S. Nakamura, H. Takino, and M. K. Kojima, Cell Struct. Funct. 12:369-374, 1987). Here, we demonstrate that lithium treatment depletes the pool of flagellar proteins from the cell body and that the heterotrimeric kinesin Fla10p accumulates in flagella. We identify GSK3 in Chlamydomonas and demonstrate that its kinase activity is inhibited by lithium in vitro. The tyrosine-phosphorylated, active form of GSK3 was enriched in flagella and GSK3 associated with the axoneme in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. The level of active GSK3 correlated with flagellar length; early during flagellar regeneration, active GSK3 increased over basal levels. This increase in active GSK3 was rapidly lost within 30 min of regeneration as the level of active GSK3 decreased relative to the predeflagellation level. Taken together, these results suggest a possible role for GSK3 in regulating the assembly and length of flagella.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 250 Biological Sciences Center, 1445 Gortner Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108. Phone: (612) 624-1219. Fax: (612) 625-1738. E-mail: nwilson{at}biosci.cbs.umn.edu.

Eukaryotic Cell, October 2004, p. 1307-1319, Vol. 3, No. 5
1535-9778/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/EC.3.5.1307-1319.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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