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Eukaryotic Cell, June 2003, p. 411-421, Vol. 2, No. 3
1535-9778/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/EC.2.3.411-421.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Candida albicans VPS11 Is Required for Vacuole Biogenesis and Germ Tube Formation

Glen E. Palmer,1,2* Annette Cashmore,1 and Joy Sturtevant2

Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom, LE1 7RH,1 Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, and Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, New Orleans, Louisiana 701192

Received 21 October 2002/ Accepted 14 February 2003

The Candida albicans vacuole has previously been observed to undergo rapid expansion during the emergence of a germ tube from a yeast cell, to occupy the majority of the parent yeast cell. Furthermore, the yeast-to-hypha switch has been implicated in the virulence of this organism. The class C vps (vacuolar protein sorting) mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are defective in multiple protein delivery pathways to the vacuole and prevacuole compartment. In this study C. albicans homologues of the S. cerevisiae class C VPS genes have been identified. Deletion of a C. albicans VPS11 homologue resulted in a number of phenotypes that closely resemble those of the class C vps mutants of S. cerevisiae, including the absence of a vacuolar compartment. The C. albicans vps11{Delta} mutant also had much-reduced secreted lipase and aspartyl protease activities. Furthermore, vps11{Delta} strains were defective in yeast-hypha morphogenesis. Upon serum induction of filamentous growth, mutants showed delayed emergence of germ tubes, had a reduced apical extension rate compared to those of control strains, and were unable to form mature hyphae. These results suggest that Vps11p-mediated trafficking steps are necessary to support the rapid emergence and extension of the germ tube from the parent yeast cell.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of MIP, LSUHSC School of Medicine, 1100 Florida Ave., Box F8-130, New Orleans, LA 70119. Phone: (504) 670-2759. Fax: (504) 670-2736. E-mail: gpalme{at}lsuhsc.edu.

Eukaryotic Cell, June 2003, p. 411-421, Vol. 2, No. 3
1535-9778/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/EC.2.3.411-421.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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